The following is intended for those who are not climate scientists, to introduce the article linked again at the bottom. The article is a thumbnail sketch of a plan for a temporary stay to global warming.

1. Albedo is a measure of the amount of solar radiation reflected back upwards (hopefully all the way to outer space), thus reducing the heating of the earth.

2. Low Albedo measures are from zero reflectivity (or radiative forcing) of something like a soft black surface. The ocean is as low as 0.06 so it soaks up most of the sunlight and heat.

3. High Albedo is 1.0 where all radiation is being reflected off the surface. Fresh snow has an albedo of 0.8 to 0.9. So snow on sea ice reflects a lot of heat back into space. Snow with a dusting of soot from burning boreal forests has an albedo of 0.2 to 0.4 so it soaks up a lot of the sunlight and heat and melts.

   See Wikipedia for more on Albedo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo

4. Albedo Enhancement (AE) is the raising of albedo such as painting a building white, using white tiles to reroof a house, creating a new cloud, rejuvenating a salt flat, or fertilizing the ocean to create reflective algae growth and DMS gas for cloud formation. All these reflect more heat back into space.

5. We need a vast amount of AE to deal with the current excess radiation and heat hitting the earth otherwise known as Earth Energy Imbalance (EEI). It is doable.

   We need people all around the world to work on Albedo enhancement.

6. We are not slowing emissions from fossil fuels fast enough to save us from an out-of-control unredeemable overheated wildfire world. We need more time to invest the needed trillions of dollars in renewable energy, with the technology we already have, so that we still have the energy we need.

7. Storms cost $160 billion dollars in damage in the USA alone last year (2022). Albedo Enhancement might only cost $10 to $20 billion per year to get the heat increase under control.

8. Albedo Enhancement will increase the number of fish in the ocean and help crops on land survive and reduce animal- and people-killing extreme heat waves.

9. Fertilizing the oceans to grow algae for reflection will capture carbon cheaper than any other methods and do so quickly and sequester perhaps 10% in the dark zone for 10 to 20 years.

10. The article attached lays out the different ways that Albedo Enhancement can be carried out while we still have time before we get run-away heat increases that even these methods will not halt.

11. A breakthrough was made in finding a direct relationship in numerical terms between the mass of CO2 when combined with other Green House Gas equivalents in the atmosphere, and solar radiation. This enabled a better understanding of temporary carbon capture, global warming, and other climate factors.

12. The first astonishing result the author found is that a cumulus cloud covering 1 square Km of certain reflectivity or radiative forcing (RF=-25 W/m2) can have the temporary heat equivalent effect of removing 67,300 tons of Carbon Dioxide or 18,400 tons of carbon and removes 600,000 kWh of heat in a day.

13. Similar RF and better can be achieved on deserts and arid land and ocean surface.

14. Using such Albedo Enhancement in sufficient vast areas will buy time to reduce our emissions, and is not a final solution.

    We need to do both today.

MDPI Climate Journal https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/11/3/62

Ken Lightburn • Help Offset Global Warming Foundation